ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives@#Hizikia fusiformis is widely used in oriental health food in Japan, China, and Korea, and is known for its anti-oxidation properties.Materials and Method: In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects and mechanisms of Hizikia fusiformis (H. fusiformis) extracts in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. RAW 264.7 cells were incubated in the presence of different concentrations of the viscozyme component of H. fusiformis (1, 2, 5, and 10 μg/mL), and changes in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (GM-CSF, iNOS, VEGF, and COX-2) were evaluated by real-time PCR and immunoblotting. In addition, the associated signaling pathway including phospho (p)-pNF-κB 65, p-pIkBa, p-p38, and p-p44/42 was also evaluated. @*Results@#The viscozyme component of H. fusiformis downregulated the expression of GM-CSF, iNOS, VEGF, and COX-2 mRNA. The augmented NO and ROS production was decreased by administration of H. fusiformis. The signal intensity of p-pNF-κB 65, p-pIkBa, p-p38, and p-p44/42 protein activated by LPS was ameliorated by administration of the viscozyme fraction in RAW 264.7 cells. @*Conclusion@#These results suggest that H. fusiformis has potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases.
ABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Cluster Headache , Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias , Trigeminal Nerve DiseasesABSTRACT
A 33-year-old male was admitted with severe headache lasting 3 days. He did not have a focal neurologic deficit, but had a high intracranial pressure of 512 mmH2O. Cerebral angiography revealed venous sinus thrombosis that mainly involved the superior sagittal and right transverse sinuses. His headache remained severe after intravenous heparin infusion, and so interventional procedures were performed. Mechanical aspiration with the Penumbra system(TM) and other interventional procedures reopened the outflow of the superior sagittal sinus and effectively ameliorated this patient's headache.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Cerebral Angiography , Headache , Heparin , Intracranial Pressure , Neurologic Manifestations , Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis , Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial , Suction , Superior Sagittal Sinus , Thrombectomy , Thrombolytic Therapy , Transverse Sinuses , Venous ThrombosisABSTRACT
A 50-year-old woman presented with a 4-day history of apathy, perseveration, and confusion. These symptoms appeared 16 days after she had started taking sulfasalazine for rheumatoid arthritis. Brain MRI showed bilateral symmetrical discoid lesions involving the corona radiata. She fully recovered 7 days after stopping the medications. Follow-up brain MRI revealed remarkable improvement of the lesions. The pathomechanisms related to sulfasalazine-induced leukoencephalopathy may be demyelinating processes due to impaired T-cell-mediated immunity.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Apathy , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Brain , Follow-Up Studies , Leukoencephalopathies , SulfasalazineABSTRACT
The present study was aimed to investigate the ultrastructure of the primary afferent terminals and whether glutamate may be a transmitter in these terminals within the trigeminal nucleus principalis and oralis of the rat. Labeling of primary afferent terminals was performed by the injection of the CTB-HRP into the trigeminal ganglion. Ultrastructural analysis and assessment of the glutamate like immunoreactivity by the immunogold technique was performed with the 66 peroxidased labeled boutons in the nucleus principalis and 62 in the nucleus oralis. Labeled boutons were presynaptic to dendritic shafts of the secondary neurons and postsynaptic to the pleomorphic vesicles containing endings (p-endings). Most of the labeled boutons made synaptic contact with the dendritic shafts. A little labeled boutons in the nucleus oralis but no in the nucleus principalis was observed to make synaptic contact with the soma or proximal dendrite. Most of the labeled boutons made synaptic contact with one to three neurofiles, but labeled boutons showing complex synaptic connections, such as those with five or more neurofiles, were more in principalis than in oralis. The average diameter of p-endings were smaller than that of labeled boutons (p<0.05). The diameter of the postsynaptic dendritic shafts were smaller in nucleus principalis than in nucleus oralis, thus indicated that the labeled boutons made synaptic contact with more distal portion of the postsynaptic dendrite in the nucleus principalis than in the nucleus oralis. The gold particle density over the labeled boutons were significantly higher than that over the p-endings and average tissue particle density. They were ranged from 110 to 430% of the average tissue particle density. These findings indicate that synaptic connection of the primary afferent terminals is organized in different manner in nucleus principalis and oralis, and suggest that glutamate is involved as neuroactive substance in the primary afferent terminals of the trigeminal system.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Carisoprodol , Dendrites , Glutamic Acid , Immunohistochemistry , Neurons , Neurotransmitter Agents , Trigeminal Ganglion , Trigeminal NucleiABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Various molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA hybridization have been introduced to diagnose the hepatitis B more accurately. Recently, Hybrid Capture Assay (HCA) was developed, which uses the signal amplification solution hybridization capture assay with chemiluminescent detector. So we evaluated the sensitivity and clinical utility of the HCA and PCRs for the detection of hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) and compared these results with serologic markers. METHODS: We analysed the 50 samples from the hepatitis B patients using enzyme immunoassay, HCA and nested PCRs with two different primer sets. The primers of PCR I and PCR II were targeted to pol and core region respectively. RESULTS: In 18 cases, HBV DNA were detected by HCA in which the positive rates by PCR I and PCR II were 55.6%, and 88.9%, respectively. And in 32 cases in which HBV DNA by HCA was negative, the positive rates by PCR I and PCR II were 6.2% and 31.3%, respectively. In 44 cases which were positive for HBsAg, the positive rates for HBV DNA were 38.6% by HCA, 27.3% by PCR I, and 56.8% by PCR II. In cases positive for HBeAg, the positive rates were 93.3% by HCA, 60.0% by PCR I and 80.0% by PCR II. In cases positive for anti-HBe and negative for HBeAg, the positive rates were 10.3% by HCA, 10.3% by PCR I, and 44.8% by PCR II. CONCLUSIONS: Both HCA and PCR compensated each other yet as to the accurate investigation of the viral replication in patients with hepatitis B and the sensitivity was better in HBV PCR with primers to core region than to pol region.